A Classic: Is Universe Inside a Black Hole?
- 3 days ago
- 4 min read
Updated: 2 days ago
Throughout human history, countless theories have been proposed about the universe we live in, and this tradition continues to this day. Of course, not all of the emerging ideas remained theories, and some were proven through various technological observations. For example, the heliocentric model, the expanding universe theory, and the existence of black holes are among the most popular space theories that have been concretely proven. Now let's get to the main topic: the existence of our universe.
Most of us have heard the assumption that the universe was formed by the Big Bang. Although the source of the studies conducted on this idea is strong, the Big Bang theory is not something you can "prove." A comprehensive model that explains all the facts we have about the current observable universe. So, is there an answer to the question of where or how the Big Bang happened? Perhaps as humanity, we have taken one more step toward uncovering the secrets of the universe with this new discovery!
The Direction of the Galaxies
Before delving into the details, I need to explain the hypothesis that the universe is isotropic. Isotropic means "the same in every direction," so no matter where you look, you see the same properties. We know that almost every part of the universe has the same temperature and density, and that there are almost equal numbers of galaxies rotating clockwise and counterclockwise. So, what does this have to do with our topic?
According to a press release from Kansas State University, computer science associate professor Lior Shamir discovered that two-thirds of the 263 galaxies, which traveled between 5 to 10 billion years and were included in the study, were rotating clockwise, while one-third were rotating counterclockwise, while analyzing images using NASA's James Webb Space Telescope and the Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES). So, 105 of these galaxies were rotating counterclockwise, while 158 were rotating clockwise.
New observations by scientists show that the universe is not perfectly isotropic. Lior Shamir stated in a press release, "The reason for this is still unclear, but there are two main possible explanations." he said. The first is that the universe was born spinning. This explanation aligns with theories like black hole cosmology, which assume that the entire universe is inside a black hole. If the universe really was born spinning, it means that the current theories about the cosmos are incomplete.
Moreover, during the research, it was found that the discrepancy in the distribution, considered "equal" over greater distances in spacetime, was more pronounced. This indicates that the spin direction asymmetry in galaxies formed in the early universe is greater.
After this information, let's address the question, "What is the universe doing inside a black hole?"
Schwarzschild Cosmology (Black Hole Cosmology)
Known as black hole cosmology, the Schwarzschild Cosmology argues that the observable universe is located within a massive black hole. According to this model, our universe is located at a point (event horizon) from which even light cannot escape, an irreversible point. This idea was first proposed in 1972 by theoretical physicist Raj Kumar Pathria and mathematician I. J. Good.
More recently, in 2010, Nikodem Popławski built upon a similar idea and presented a different theory that adapted this cosmology to modern physics. Popławski examined the model of Pathria and Good within the framework of the Einstein-Cartan theory. In this theory, spacetime is not only bent; it can also be twisted by an effect called torsion.
You can think of torsion as a screw twisting and turning the "fabric" of spacetime. According to normal general relativity, when a massive star collapses, a singularity with infinite density is formed. However, the concept of "infinity" is physically problematic in nature. According to Popławski, torsion can halt this collapse at a certain point. Matter that does not reach infinite density rebounds due to the twisting effect, and as a result of this rebound, a new, expanding universe is formed.
What is the Connection Between the Direction of Galaxies and Black Hole Cosmology?
Now you might say, "We've read and read, but we still haven't made a connection. Get to the point already." At first, you might wonder what the rotation of galaxies in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction has to do with whether the universe is inside a giant black hole. However, if the universe we are in is indeed located within a black hole of a larger dimension, the physical properties of this black hole at the moment of its formation, such as its rotation direction (angular momentum), may have left an imprint on the universe inside. For example, think of a washing machine; the clothes inside don't spin on their own, they spin because a larger mechanism encompassing them is spinning.
Here, Popławski's torsional Einstein-Cartan model comes into play. At the beginning of the universe, the compression of matter, its stoppage due to torsion, and its sudden rebound may leave a rotational imprint on the fabric of spacetime. This trace may slightly manifest itself in the orientation of galaxy clusters or the rotation directions of spiral galaxies in the expanding universe.
Of course, the new findings do not illuminate the mystery of the universe, but they could be one of the clues supporting Schwarzschild Cosmology.
